Brugada Syndrome

Brugada Syndrome causes 

Brugada Syndrome is caused by mutations in the SCN5A gene, which affects sodium channels in the heart. 

• These mutations disrupt normal electrical activity and lead to abnormal heart rhythms. 
• The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning one affected parent can pass it to their children. 

Brugada Syndrome risk factors 

Common risk factors for Brugada Syndrome include:  

• A family history of Brugada Syndrome, sudden cardiac arrest or arrhythmias. 
• Presence of the SCN5A gene mutation or other related genetic mutations. 
• Being under 40 years of age, though it can occur at any age. 

Men are more likely to develop Brugada Syndrome than women. 

Brugada Syndrome symptoms 

Brugada Syndrome is often asymptomatic until a serious arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation, occurs. 

Symptoms may include: 

• Fainting (syncope) 
• Heart palpitations 
• Dizziness 
• Cardiac arrest 

Triggers like fever, alcohol consumption, or certain medications can bring on symptoms. 

Brugada Syndrome diagnosis 

Brugada Syndrome is usually diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (ECG) that shows characteristic ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3. 

• Genetic testing can confirm mutations in the SCN5A gene or other associated genes. 
• Provocative drug testing (e.g., with flecainide or procainamide) may be used to unmask the condition in some individuals. 

Brugada Syndrome treatment 

The primary treatment is the implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to prevent sudden cardiac arrest. 

• Medications may be used to manage arrhythmias, but an ICD is considered the most effective option. 
• Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding fever, certain medications, and alcohol, are recommended to reduce the risk of triggering arrhythmias. 

When to seek care 

Consult your primary care doctor or cardiologist if you experience:

• Fainting
• Palpitations
• Dizziness
• Unexplained loss of consciousness
• If you have a family history of Brugada Syndrome, sudden cardiac arrest or arrhythmias.

If you are diagnosed with Brugada Syndrome, regular follow-up and monitoring are important for managing the condition and reducing risk.