Key points about premature atrial contractions
- Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs) are early heartbeats that occur in the atria (the upper chambers of your heart) and disrupt your heart’s normal rhythm.
- PACs are usually benign but may indicate stress, more than recommended caffeine use or even underlying heart conditions.
- Most people with PACs don’t experience symptoms, but some may feel palpitations or a fluttering sensation in the chest.
Premature atrial contractions causes
There are a variety of things that can cause PACs, including:
- Stress
- Ingesting too much caffeine
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Being a smoker
- Heart conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease
- Electrolyte imbalances, particularly low potassium or magnesium levels
In some cases, no specific cause can be identified.
Premature atrial contractions risk factors
People who have high caffeine or alcohol consumption are at the highest risks for developing PACs. Other risk factors include:
- Smoking or excessive stress.
- Heart disease, high blood pressure, or electrolyte imbalances.
- Older age or a history of heart problems.
Premature atrial contractions symptoms
PACs are usually asymptomatic (meaning they don’t present with symptoms you’ll notice) but may include palpitations or a fluttering sensation in the chest, skipped or extra heartbeats or In rare cases, dizziness, fatigue or shortness of breath.
Premature atrial contractions diagnosis
PACs are diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (ECG), which can detect the early heartbeats. In other cases, a Holter monitor may be used for a longer-term assessment of heart rhythm.
More testing may be done if symptoms continue for a long period of time or if there are concerns about other heart conditions.
Premature atrial contractions treatment
PACs usually don’t require treatment if they don’t happen often and are not causing symptoms. If they are, your doctor may recommend:
- Lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine or managing stress.
- Medications may to control heart rhythm if PACs are troublesome.
- In some cases, a procedure called a catheter ablation might be recommended.
When to seek care
You should make an appointment with your primary care provider or cardiologist if:
- If you experience palpitations, dizziness or shortness of breath.
- If PACs are frequent and cause discomfort or anxiety.
- If you have a history of heart disease and notice changes in your heart rhythm.