Key points about calcium channel blockers
• Calcium channel blockers are commonly used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and arrhythmias.• There are two main types—dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines—with different effects.
• Side effects can include swelling, dizziness, and fatigue.
• These medications may be used alone or with other heart drugs.
• Regular follow-up helps ensure safe and effective use.
Overview of calcium channel blockers
Calcium channel blockers help relax the muscles of the heart and blood vessels, reducing blood pressure and controlling certain heart rhythm disorders. These medications are classified into two main types:• Dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine), which primarily affect blood vessel tone.
• Non-dihydropyridines (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem), which also affect heart rate and contractility.
Candidates for calcium channel blockers
Patients may be considered for calcium channel blockers if they:• Have high blood pressure that is not well controlled with other agents.
• Experience angina or coronary vasospasm.
• Have arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (rate control) or SVT.
• Need an alternative to beta blockers or have coexisting conditions such as Raynaud’s phenomenon.
Preparation for calcium channel blockers
• No special preparation is needed to begin therapy, though baseline blood pressure and heart rate are usually assessed.• A medication review is performed to assess for potential interactions.
• Monitoring plans may be established to check for blood pressure response and side effects.
Recovery and follow-up while taking calcium channel blockers
• There is no recovery period, but patients should be monitored for therapeutic effect and tolerability.• Blood pressure, heart rate, and symptom control should be assessed regularly.
• Lifestyle measures (diet, exercise, sodium reduction) are often encouraged alongside medication use.
• Dose adjustments may be needed based on response or side effects.
Risks for calcium channel blockers
While generally well tolerated, calcium channel blockers can cause:• Peripheral edema, especially with dihydropyridines.
• Bradycardia or worsening of conduction issues with non-dihydropyridines.
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fatigue.
• Drug interactions with other antihypertensives, statins, or antiarrhythmics.